Evaluasi Kapasitas dan Stabilitas Jembatan Baja Menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga

Abstract

Steel bridges play a critical role in supporting transportation systems, enabling efficient mobility and goods distribution. Increasing traffic loads and structural aging require comprehensive evaluation of bridge capacity and stability to ensure safety, reliability, and long-term performance. This study aims to analyze the capacity and stability of a steel bridge using the Finite Element Method (FEM) as a numerical approach capable of representing structural behavior with high accuracy and detail. FEM is applied to simulate structural responses under various loading conditions, including dead loads, live loads, wind loads, and environmental effects. A three-dimensional bridge model is developed using FEM-based structural analysis software. Key parameters analyzed include stress distribution, deflection, deformation, safety factor, and structural stability under applied loads. Technical data are obtained from design specifications and relevant construction standards. The results show that FEM provides detailed insight into structural performance, including identification of stress concentration zones with potential failure risk. The bridge structure remains within safe design limits; however, certain elements exhibit increased stress due to cumulative loading and long-term operation. Stability analysis confirms adequate safety against buckling and excessive deformation. FEM effectively identifies critical areas requiring maintenance or strengthening to extend service life.