Jurnalisme Warga dalam Krisis Erupsi Merapi 2023: Diseminasi Informasi, Risiko Hukum, dan Tata Kelola Integratif

Abstract

This study examines the role of citizen journalism during the Mount Merapi eruption crisis on 11 March 2023, with emphasis on accelerated information dissemination, the formation of public situational awareness, and the ethical and juridical risks inherent in emergency reporting through social media. This qualitative-descriptive case study uses document analysis, news archives, official disaster agency releases, and related scholarly literature. The eruption data show seismic amplitudes of 25–70 mm, flow durations of 128–458 seconds, and runout distances of 3.5–4 kilometers, underscoring the urgency of timely emergency communication in the field. The findings indicate that community accounts such as @merapi_uncover accelerated real-time information flow, supported public response, and extended micro-local warning reach, yet also generated concerns over accuracy, privacy, and legal exposure. The study’s novelty lies in integrating disaster communication, citizen journalism, and progressive legal interpretation to formulate a hybrid governance model grounded in verification, ethics, and good-faith legal protection that can serve as a practical reference for community-level crisis information management.