Pemikiran Ibn Rushd tentang Relasi Agama dan Filsafat: Implikasi bagi Diskursus Modern

Abstract

This article examines Ibn Rushd's thought on the relationship between religion and philosophy by focusing on ittisal, the hierarchy of human reasoning, ta'wil, and fiqh as its main analytical nodes. It uses a qualitative literature-based approach that reads Ibn Rushd's primary works, especially Fasl al-Maqal, Tahafut al-Tahafut, and Bidayat al-Mujtahid, and connects them with secondary scholarship on legal hermeneutics, Islamic political philosophy, and theories of knowledge. The study shows that Ibn Rushd does not place reason and revelation as mutually exclusive authorities. He organizes their relation through a hierarchy of human reasoning, from rhetorical to dialectical and demonstrative levels. At that point, ta'wil works as a legitimate interpretive tool when literal meaning clashes with rational certainty. The article also shows that, in Ibn Rushd's horizon, fiqh operates as ijtihad open to disagreement rather than as a fixed body of answers. Politically, Ibn Rushd's thought supports substantive justice, resistance to tyranny, and a more contextual reading of law. For that reason, his thought remains useful as an epistemic framework for Islamic legal reform and public rationality today.