Kajian Kerusakan Ekosistem Mangrove Akibat Konversi Tambak Udang Intensif di Wilayah Pesisir Pulau Sumbawa

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystem degradation caused by intensive shrimp pond conversion has become one of the major coastal environmental issues in Indonesia, including in the coastal areas of Sumbawa Island. This study aims to analyze the forms of mangrove ecosystem degradation resulting from intensive shrimp farming activities and to examine their impacts on coastal environmental sustainability. The research employed an empirical legal method with a socio-legal approach through field observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis. The findings reveal that the conversion of mangrove areas into shrimp ponds has resulted in declining mangrove vegetation cover, disruption of coastal hydrological systems, increased coastal abrasion, water pollution, and reduced coastal biodiversity. The study also finds that weak supervision of coastal land utilization and short-term economic orientation are the primary factors accelerating mangrove degradation in the research area. This article argues that shrimp pond management practices that ignore sustainability principles have intensified coastal ecosystem degradation and weakened the ecological functions of mangroves as natural coastal protection systems. The study contributes to the development of sustainable coastal management studies through a socio-legal approach that integrates environmental protection, coastal land utilization, and mangrove ecosystem conservation.